212 Profs. Percy Frankland and Marshall Ward. 



was subcutaneously injected into a white mouse. The mouse is still 

 alive (November 14, 1892). 



Animal Experiment No. 32. — On November 2, 1892, 1 c.c. of the 

 water from flask "4 I, Thames water, porcelain-filtered, and infected 

 with anthrax on March 18, 1892, exposed to 151 hours' sunshine," was 

 subcutaneously injected into a white mouse. The mouse is still alive 

 (November 14, 1892). 



Thus, in all three cases, the water was non- virulent when injected 

 to the amount of 1 c.c. ; this is, it will be observed, the first instance 

 in which the sterilised waters infected with anthrax had become non- 

 virulent. It was, however, obviously not to be necessarily concluded 

 that the anthrax had become absolutely extinct in these waters,' 

 and in order to put this point to the test the flasks in question were 

 each treated with 5 c.c. of sterile broth and incubated at 37° C, after 

 which the following further experiments were made : — 



Animal Experiment No. 36. — -On November 9, 1892, 0'5 c.c. of 

 the water (to which broth was added on November 7, 1892) from 

 flask "41, Thames water, unfiltered, and infected with anthrax on 

 March 18, 1892, exposed to 151 hours' sunshine," was subcutaneously 

 injected into a white mouse. The mouse is still alive (November 14, 

 1892). 



Animal Experiment No. 37. — On November 9, 1892, 0'6 c.c. of the 

 water (to which broth was added on November 7, 1892) from flask 

 " 4 -I, Thames water, steam-sterilised, and infected with anthrax on 

 March 18, 1892, exposed to 151 hours' sunshine," was subcutaneously 

 injected into a white mouse. The mouse is still alive (November 14, 

 1892). 



Animal Experiment No. 38. — On November 9, 1892, 0*6 c.c. of 

 the water (to which broth was added on November 7, 1892) from 

 flask " 4 I, Thames water, poreelain-filtered, and infected with anthrax 

 on March 18, 1892, exposed to 151 hours' sunshine," was sub- 

 cutaneously injected into a white mouse. The mouse is still alive 

 November 14, 1892). 



N.B. — These three mice, Nos. 36, 37, and 38, all lived much longer 

 than November 14, 1802, so there can be no doubt that they escaped 

 infection. 



Thus, in these waters exposed- to direct sunshine, the anthrax germs 

 were completely destroyed and could not he revived by the addition of 

 broth. 



The destruction of anthrax spores by direct sunshine is a subject 

 which has received the attention of a number of observers. Thus, 

 Arloing (' Compt. Rend.,' vol. 100, 1885, p. 378, and vol. 101, p. 511) 

 found that they were destroyed in two hours, whilst in subsequent 

 experiments in which the spores were placed in broth maintained 

 at a temperature of 4 — 11° C. by means of ice five hours' insolation 



