62 Mr. W. Heape. The artificial Insemination of Mammals 



owing probably to hypertrophy of the lips of the os, but the 

 difficulty was readily overcome without annoyance to the mare and 

 she was inseminated. Unfortunately the experiment failed and she 

 has not proved to be with foal. 



Whether the failure in this case was due to abnormal vaginal secre- 

 tion, with which, of course, the semen was mixed when injected into 

 the uterus, or to the absence of ova, or to faulty powers of gestation, 

 I have no means of knowing. Many experiments are needful in 

 order to enable one to form a satisfactory opinion on such points ; but 

 there is good reason to believe that, with experience, they may be 

 determined, and it is greatly to be hoped that breeders will be found 

 who are willing to allow such of their stock as are unsatisfactory 

 breeding animals, to be treated in this way before finally discarding 

 them as useless. 



Cows are frequently sterile for reasons similar to these detailed for 

 the mare, hypertrophy of the mucous -membrane of the os uteri 

 and consequent closure of the cervix canal being a common cause of 

 sterility in these animals. 



It is said that artificial insemination can be performed on cows as 

 readily as it can on mares, but I have seen no published account of 

 experiments on cows. 



Literature. 



]S T o. 1. A writer. " On breeding mares," ' The Horseman.' Chicago, March 8, 

 1894. 



„ 2. A writer. " Artificial Impregnation," 1 The Horseman.' Chicago, May 

 30, 1895. 



„ 3. Courty. " Traite pratique des maladies de l'uterus des ovaires et des 

 trompes." 



„ 4. Dehaut. "Dela fecondation artificielle dans l'espece humaine comme 

 inoyen de remedier a certaines causes de sterilite chez Fhomme et chez 

 la femme." Paris, 1865. 



„ 5. Eustache (referred to by Leblond, No. 14) . 



,, 6. Fleming. " A Text-book of Veterinary Obstetrics," 1878. 



,, 7. Gautier. " La fecondation artificielle et son emploi contre la sterilite 

 chez la femme." Paris, 1889. 



„ 8. Gigon. " Essai sur la fecondation artificielle de la femme." These de 

 doctorat. Paris, 1871. 



„ 9. Gigon (d'Angouleme). ' Eeforme Medicale," Sept. 29, 1867. 



„ 10. Girault. " Etudes sur la generation artificielle dans l'espece humaine," 

 ' l'Abeille Medicale,' Nov. 30, 1868. 



„ 11. Godard. " ^gypte et Palestine, Observations medicales et scienti- 

 fiques." Paris, 1867. 



„ 12. Hausmann. " Ueber die Zeugung und Entstehung des wahren weib- 

 lichen Lies bei den Saugelhieren und Menschen." Hanover, 1840. 

 13. Heape. "The Menstruation of Semnopithecus entellus," 'Philoso- 

 phical Transactions of the Eoyal Society,' B, vol. 185, 1894. 



