354 



Miss A. Lee and Prof. Karl Pearson. 



determined from about 155 series (loc. ciL t p. 373) was 0973 ± 

 0*007. A special study of the long bones thus seems to confirm the 

 result previously reached, that woman is, on the whole, slightly more 

 variable than man. Lastly, turning to the sexual ratio in correla- 

 tion, we find that in 14 out of 22 cases, woman is more highly 

 correlated than man, the mean sexual ratio in correlation being 0*992. 

 So far, then, as the present results go, they seem to indicate that 

 man, while larger, is less variable, and less highly correlated than 

 woman. 



When we take, however, race into consideration, there are 

 additional factors which somewhat modify these conclusions. In the 

 first place there is, of course, no suggestion that the modern French 

 are lineal descendants of the Aino, but it does not seem an improbable 

 supposition that the French have at one time passed through a stage 

 somewhat similar to that primitive condition in which we now find 

 the Aino. Assuming this for the purpose, at any rate, of comparison, 

 we find that the transition from the uncivilised to the civilised 

 condition is accompanied by well-marked changes in the sexual 

 ratios. They are as follows : — 



(i.) Man tends to gain in size on woman. 



(ii.) Woman tends to gain in variability on man. 



(iii.) Woman tends to gain in correlation on man. 



In other words, primitive man and woman are more nearly equal 

 in size, variability, and correlation than highly civilised man and 

 woman. Relative to woman, man's gain in size has been accompanied 

 by a loss in variability and in the correlation of his parts. So far as 

 size and variability are concerned, these results are in accordance 

 with the far wider series of measurements dealt with in the paper on 

 ' Variation in Man and Woman.' The result as to correlation was there 

 suggested (loc. cit., p. 375) on very slight evidence. Before we make 

 any suggestion as to the bearing of these results on natural 

 selection it will be well to examine the racial ratios. 



7. Racial Ratios. — In means both S and ? French are in every 

 measurement larger than <J and ? Aino, but the difference is greater 

 for males than females. In variations the S and ? French have pro- 

 gressed in nearly all cases on the <? and ? Aino (the tibia in the 

 male and the ulna in the female are apparently exceptions). But 

 while the females have progressed less rapidly than the males in 

 absolute size, they have progressed more rapidly in variation. 

 Lastly, in correlation the French males have more correlation than 

 the Aino males in four organs, and less in six organs, the general 

 mean result being almost equality of correlation. On the other hand, 

 the French females are only inferior to the Aino in one case, and the 

 final result is a very sensible progress in correlation. The general 



