Dr. J. Rose Bradford. 



[Mar. 3, 



the appetite was regained, the ingesta returned to 200 grams, the 

 urea rose to 16 grams, and the urine to 480 c.c. In the third week 

 the ingesta were 140 grams, the urea rose to 21 grams per diem, and 

 the urine to 550 c.c. ; the animal was then killed, being weak, the 

 body weight having fallen from 11 lbs. to 7 lbs. This experiment 

 illustrates the two stages the animals pass through, the first one 

 where the normal output of urea is maintained, but the method of its 

 excretion is altered, so that the quantity of urinary water is greatly 

 increased. The second stage is one where the quantity of urine is 

 still further increased, with a more or less sudden increase in the 

 urea, accompanied by emaciation, &c. By the removal of very large 

 quantities of kidney substance these two results are obtained 

 almost together, but even then, for a day or two after the second 

 operation, hydruria only is present. When, however, a smaller quan- 

 tity of kidney is removed the condition called here the first stage is 

 the only one produced, and this condition of simple hydruria is very 

 permanent, as the experiments quoted in Table IV demonstrate. My 

 observations do not show whether this stage of hydruria can be pro- 

 longed indefinitely, but they show that the second stage, polyuria, ema- 

 ciation, is comparatively sudden in its onset, and rapid in its course. 



Character of the Urine. — The urine passed after the second operation 

 contrasts greatly with the normal urine of the dog, inasmuch as it is 

 very pale, abundant, and of low specific gravity, i.e., from 1007 to 

 1020 ; whereas the normal urine is dark in colour, and its specific 

 gravity is often as high as 1050 or even 1060, and it is scanty in 

 amount. The urine after the second operation contains neither 

 albumen nor sugar. The percentage of solid matter is of course less 

 than normal, but the total solids are not diminished in amount. The 

 ash also is not diminished ; but more detailed observations on these 

 points are at present in progress. 



With regard to other symptoms of the disorder produced by the 

 operation, it is to be noted that convulsions are absent. Vomiting is 

 rare ; it has only been observed once or twice. Diarrhoea is frequently 

 present towards the end, and small ulcers and sores occur about the 

 lips and feet, possibly of traumatic origin. During the last twenty- 

 four or forty-eight hours of life the flow of urine diminishes greatly, 

 so that usually the animals have been killed whilst the polyuria, &c, 

 was at its height, so as not to vitiate the analysis of the tissues. 

 Thus the final symptoms are great prostration of strength and some 

 drowsiness, together with the great fall in the temperature; the 

 last, however, begins as soon as the polyuria is marked, and hence is 

 present for many days before death. 



The aortic blood pressure, measured by connecting the carotid 

 artery to a mercurial manometer, is very high when the marasmic 

 condition of the animal is considered. In three cases observed it, 



