No. 669] ECTOPARASITES OF MAMMALS 277 



parasite species were obtained either from host skins in 

 a museum (in one case the Zoological Museum of Ham- 

 burg, in another, the Berlin Museum) or from a live host 

 in a menagerie. In no case, therefore, is the possibility of 

 a straggling record wholly excluded, but the coincidence 

 of three discoveries makes the records practically safe. 

 Finally, in this connection it is to be noted (as I have 

 already pointed out in a brief paper 4 ), that, although 

 Ateles is a tailed New World genus and presumably 

 widely separated genetically from the anthropoids, 

 Friedenthal has affirmed, on a basis of blood and hair 

 comparison, that Ateles shows unmistakable differences 

 from other tailed monkeys, and resemblances with the 

 anthropoids, and he suggests that in Ateles we should see 

 monkeys, which, in a certain sense, replace, in the New 

 World, the anthropoids of the Old. It is, in any event, a 

 strange thing that Ateles differs from the other Cebidae 

 and from the Cercopithecidse as well, in not harboring the 

 Anopluran genus Pedecinus to which all monkey-infest- 

 ing Anoplura, except those of the simians, belong, hut in 

 actually harboring parasite species of the genus found 

 elsewhere only on the simians and man. 



The family Cercopithecidse, catarrhine, Old World 

 monkeys, is represented in the host list by a dozen spe- 

 cies, from which one Mallophagan species, viz., my Tri- 

 chodectes colobi from a guereza monkey, Colobus guereza 

 var. caudatus (East Africa), and ten Anopluran species 

 have been recorded. Of the Anoplura nine species be- 

 long to the genus Pedecinus, long recognized as the char- 

 acteristic genus of the lower monkeys, as contrasted with 

 the genus Pediculus characteristic of the anthropoid apes 

 and man. For the tenth species, Fahrenholz establishes 

 the new genus Pthir pedecinus, just as for one of the 

 man-infesting species the separate genus Phthirius had to 

 be established, There are several cases of the common- 

 ness of a single Pedecinus species to two or three hosts. 

 P. breviceps Piaget is recorded from Macacus silenus of 



'"Ectoparasites of the Monkeys, Apes and Man," Science, N. S., Vol. 

 38, pp. 601-602, ]913. 



