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THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. XLVII1 



In addition to the three ways of associating generic names 

 with their type species, there are many cases where generic 

 names have been applied to groups that do not include the type, 

 or any of the original species. Formal assignments of errone- 

 ous types also occur when generic names are not traced back to 

 their original places of publication, or when ineligible species 

 are designated as types. In dealing with the synonymy of 

 genera previously treated under names that belong to other 

 groups it will be convenient to have a distinctive term for this 

 class of cases. Such misplaced names, applied to groups that do 

 not contain the true type, may be indicated as pseudotypic, or 

 false-typed. 3 



It should be expected that more critical analysis of taxonomic 

 problems would lead to more definite distinctions and more pre- 

 cise terms. The older terminology was developed to facilitate 

 the study of names, whereas it is now apparent that provision 

 must be made for the study of types as another formal branch 

 of biological taxonomy. Nomenclature has a history of three 

 hundred years while systematic typology is only beginning. To 

 gain further insight into these typological problems is obviously 

 more important than to attempt premature applications of par- 

 tial solutions. It may take fifty or a hundred years to transfer 



with any of the five species originally referred to Martinezia by Kifiz and 

 Pavon. Hence it has been proposed to replace this pseudotypic use of Mar- 

 tinezia by a new generic name. Tilmia. (See Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 28: 

 565.) The five original species of Martinezia belong to three natural groups, 



third species, M. ensiformis, should be taken as logotype of Martinezia be- 



a member of the family Acristacese. g Another reason for excluding the 

 cocoid species from consideration as type is that they are mentioned as 



the original des,ri,.ti..„. The rule ,.f the Vie,,.,:/ code, to the effect that the 

 name of a subdivided genus should go with the majority . f the species, would 



of such a rule shows that many European Wan u.-re srill working under 



