No. 574] 



VARIATION IN THE APPLE 



607 



ters inconspicuous in themselves or are slight in amount 

 and so do not attract attention. A complete account of all 

 variations noted would comprise a full technical descrip- 

 tion of each sample which would far exceed the limits of 

 this paper. For this reason it is thought best to append 

 only some brief comparative notes regarding the more 

 conspicuous variations noted in each variety. In this 

 connection it is well to note the origin so far as known of 

 the varieties included in this study. Arkansas and Arkan- 

 sas Black, Arkansas; Baldwin, Massachusetts; Ben 

 Davis, probably Kentucky or Tennessee ; Delicious, Iowa ; 

 Esopus, New York; Gano, probably Kentucky or Mis- 

 souri; Grimes, West Virginia; Jonathan, New York; 

 Lawver, possibly Kansas; Mcintosh, Ontario, Canada; 

 Northern Spy, New York ; Khode Island Greening, Rhode 

 Island; Rome, Ohio; Stayman, Kansas; Tompkins King, 

 New York ; Wagener, New York ; White Pearmain, prob- 

 ably Eastern States; Willow, Virginia; Winesap, New 

 Jersey; Winter Banana, Indiana; Yellow Bellflower, New 

 Jersey; Yellow Newtown, New York; York Imperial, 

 Pennsylvania. It will be observed that all originated in 

 the east or middle west. Most no doubt appeared as seed- 

 lings and were selected and propagated because of their 

 excellence and value when grown under those conditions 

 of environment which prevail at their places of origin ; in 

 other words they were individuals which happened to be 

 in a condition of balanced adaptation to that environment. 

 Their behavior under other environments could be deter- 

 mined only by actual tests, and some notes on the subject 

 are included in the following paragraphs. 



Arkansas (Mammoth Black Ttvig)— As only one sam- 

 ple of this variety was examined its behavior can be com- 

 pared only with what is known of the variety in other 

 localities. The fruit was more elongated and conical in 

 shape, smaller in size and less highly colored than that 

 produced in the warmer apple-growing sections of the 

 east. The flesh was inferior in texture, indicating poor 

 development. The variety seems not at all adapted to 



