No. 435-] 



NOTES AND LITE 



ZOOLOGY. 



Goette's Zoology. 1 — In its general appearance and make up this 

 work is of the familiar type. There are few novelties in it, and it is 

 largely morphological and systematic in character. It begins with 



discusses the basis of classification, analogy and homology, cells and 

 protoplasm, the history of zoology and the theory of evolution. The 

 rest of the volume is devoted to the systematic discussion. In this 

 part the usual treatment is adopted and there are few features which 

 call for comment. It is a pleasure to note that the author has not 

 been ultra conservative. Thus we find a recognition of the close 

 relationships of Crustacea and Arachnida, these being united in a 

 group Cephalothoracica. The Phyllopoda are regarded as the primi- 

 tive Crustacea, and the group of Chordata is admitted, without how- 

 ever including the Enteropneusta. Even in details the work seems up 

 to date as for instance (p. 343) in the denial of the vertebrate gono- 

 tome, and in the recognition of two kinds of ribs. 



The language is simple and easy, and the illustrations, largely 

 original or redrawn by the author, are clear and illustrative. One 

 feature, however, demands criticism. The author is apparently one 

 of those who thinks it a gain to science to rename things already well 

 named. Thus we find Monoplastida and Polyplasmia for Protozoa 

 and Metazoa, Eucephalica for Insecta, Pinnata for Pisces, Digitata 

 for Tetrapoda, Ditremata for Placentalia, etc. Surely such increase 

 in synonymy can serve no useful end. The Metazoa are divided into 

 Radiata, including sponges and ccelenterates, ami Bilateralia, and the 

 latter group into Hypogastric^, including the Vermes, Mollusca and 

 Arthropoda, and the Pleurogastrida, composed of Vermiform ia 

 (Sagitta, Balanoglossus) Echinodermata, and Chordata. The work 

 is devoted almost exclusively to recent forms and extinct groups 

 receive but slight notice. K. 



A New System of Zoogeography has been invented by Prof. 

 Simroth of Leipzig, 2 which, however, is not altogether original with 

 him, P. Reibisch3 having first propounded the fundamental idea. 

 The latter is as follows. 



