No. 438.] NORTHERN GA MOPE TA L US FLOWERS. 383 



floral bracts bright scarlet, or occasionally both bracts and calyx 

 are yellow. In C. indivisa both bracts and calyx are bright red, 

 and in C. acuminata yellowish or purplish, hut in C. scssilijlora 

 they are green similar to the leaves. In Mouarda didyma of the 

 Labiatae the corolla is scarlet and the bracts red, in J/, media 

 both are purple ; but in M. clinopodia the bracts are pale or 

 white, and the flower is yellowish-pink. In Connts canadensis 

 the involucre is white and white or red in C. fieri da. Bourgain- 

 villca glabra has three conspicuous purple-red bracts. Finally 

 in the Proteaceae Protect globosa has "the upper foliage leaves 

 grouped into a large outer envelope, which surrounds the spher- 

 ical golden yellow inflorescence, and these crowded leaves are 

 colored blue in contrast to the lower scantier foliage which has a 

 grass green color." Other illustrations of colored floral bracts 

 occur in the aroids, spurges and Composite. The floral bracts 

 evidently may develop as wide a range of colors as the floral 

 leaves, though blue is much rarer. 



Miiller in his Alpcnbhtmcn has considered the relation of bees 

 to floral colors at considerable length. In many genera, when 



tors, the species are colored alike, mostly yellow or white, as in 

 Ranunculus and Potentilla, the Alsineae, Cruciferae and Umbel- 

 lifers. Even when" the honey is partially concealed this may 

 hold true, as in Mentha and many Cichoriacese and Composite. 



are Aconitum lycoctonum yellow, A. nape 11 us blue; La mi urn 

 album white," L. mac u latum red, Galcobdolon lutcum yellow; 

 Salvia glutinosa yellow, S. pratensis blue I and PedUularis 

 tuberosa whitish yellow and P. 'vcrticillata purple. An excep- 

 tion to this rule is offered by the PapiJionaceae, which contain 

 a great number of yellow flowers. Here Miiller thinks that the 



appear, and there is consequently no opportunity for the 

 development of a variety of colors. As a rule, however, genera 



