7 HE A M ERICA X XA TURALIST. [Vol. XXXV 1 1 . 



some older Asiatic types, which came probably by way of the Philip- 

 pine islands. Younger Asiatic immigrants arrived in Celebes by 

 way of Java, and the smaller Sunda islands, but not directly from 

 Borneo, the old Strait of Makassar separating it from this island, 

 which also received immigrants from the Philippines, and sent others 

 in turn to them, from whence they were able to find their way to 

 Celebes. 



the Moluccas, where they were in part relicts, in part later immi- 

 grants from Australia. Possibly also the smaller Sunda islands 

 received a few immigrants from this latter continent." 



A. E. O. 



BOTANY. 



Influence of Light and Darkness on growth and Develop- 

 ment. 1 — In this work is presented one of the most important, if not 

 the most important, single piece of research in plant physiology yet 

 published in this country. It is a record of a series of extensive 

 experiments covering several years (i 895-1 902), from which impor- 

 tant generalizations have been drawn. Heretofore too much of the 

 general principles laid down regarding the influence of light upon 

 plants has been based upon experiments with a comparatively lim- 

 ited number of forms. It was the author's intention to avoid these 



a wide field in both relationship and form. No fewer than ninety- 

 seven forms were experimented with, and etiolated for an often long 

 period of time. These forms include very diverse orders of plants 

 and comprise practically every form of the plant body of importance. 

 Various typical and modified forms of stems, including those of suc- 

 culents and xerophytes, the different types of foliar organs and 

 various floral structures were investigated. A very careful and 

 detailed account of the histology of the different etiolated tissues, in 

 comparison with the normal, is also included. 



