44 6 



THE AM ERICA X XA TL 'R A LIST. [Vol. XXXV 1 1 . 



white, wheel-shaped flowers of Sambucus contain no honey, and 

 are sparingly visited by flies and pollen-collecting bees. The 

 large, pyramidal or flat cymes are very numerous and conspicuous. 

 The small, rotate flowers of Viburnum arc in large compound 

 cymes, which bloom in early spring and midsummer. They are 

 white, fragrant, and nectariferous. The most important visitors 

 are Andrenida\ flies and beetles, to which the inflorescence with 

 its freely exposed honey is well adapted. I have found beetles 

 more abundant and in greater variety than upon an)- other 



/'. opulus are sterile and greatly enlarged. 



There are a few flowers adapted to wasps and to which these 

 insects are very frequent visitors. The most important wasp 

 flowers are Epipaetis [a ti folio. Cotoncastcr vulgaris, Scropliularia 

 nodosa, Symp/ioriearpos raccmosa^wA Louie era alpigena, the last 

 two belonging "to the Caprifoliacea\ The flowers agree in 

 having abundant honey secreted in a short corolla, or pouch-like 

 receptacle, about the size of a wasp's head, and usually lurid 

 colors. In England Darwin found E.pipaetis In a folia visited by 

 swarms of wasps, but was astonished to observe that the sweet 



insect. The small reddish (lowers of Sympl/oriea ipos raeeiuosus 



their heads wholb mto the flower to obtain the nectar. Loui- 

 eera alpigeua is reddish-brown. M tiller observed in the Afps 



The nodding blossoms of Linnaa borealis are wine colored 

 with a yellow marking on the lower side, whit h serves as a honey- 

 guide, and exhale a sweet vanilla-like fragrance. It is a trailing 

 evergreen vine densely carpeting the ground in cold, open wood- 

 lands. I have collected on the flowers only the fly Empis tufes- 

 cens, which is rather common. 



The large genus Lonicera is adapted to a variety of visitors. 

 The wasp flower L. alpigeua is reddish-brown. The bee flower 

 L. tartarica is pink or white. The bumblebee flowers, L. ciliata, 

 L. xylosteum and L. ccemlea are yellow. The hawkmoth flower 

 L.periclymenum on the first evening it expands is white within, 

 changing to yellow on the second evening. The exterior of the 



