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THE AMERICA X NATURALIST. [Vol. XXXVII. 



such locations than when they grow in the open sunlight. The 

 color is also affected by a change in the position of the granules 

 under the action of intense light, as may be observed in Lcmna 

 trisulca and many seaweeds. 1 Chlorophyll is readily soluble in 

 alcohol yielding a green solution, which is soon destroyed in 

 direct sunlight. There is a constant destruction and renewal of 

 chlorophyll in living leaves under the action of bright light, so 

 that on the same plant the leaves present different shades of 

 green. Green seaweeds, when left on the beach by the waves, 

 soon turn yellowish owing to the destruction of the chlorophyll. 



Leaves and flowers may in some instances owe their particular 

 shade of color to the presence of chlorophyll mixed with some 

 other pigment. The dull purple of Scopoliji atroipoides and 

 Atropq^bclladonna, according to Hildebrand, are caused by green 

 grains mingled with violet-colored sap. In the gooseberry, says 

 Mobius, the brownish color of the flower is due to an upper layer 

 of cells containing red cell sap, and an under layer containing 

 chlorophyll. Many greenish yellow and purple flowers appear 

 to contain chlorophyll. The tints of autumn leaves are also 

 modified by its presence in greater or less quantities, while in 

 normal green leaves it is often accompanied by anthocyan. 



the root of the carrot. Tammes >2 and Kohl 3 found carotin to 

 be widely distributed in the blue, green, red, and brown Alga: ; 

 in the Fungi, lichens, mosses, and ferns ; in green, yellow, 



There is, however, no evidence of any genetic relation between 



organisms in which chlorophyll does not occur, as in Bacteria, 

 fungi, the root of Da^ais en rota and in yellow flowers and 



