STL' PIES OF GASTROPODA. 



maximum stage is dropped out altogether and the spines follow 

 immediately upon the tubercles, and even encroach upon them, 

 thus causing a perfect gradation from tubercles to spines. F. 

 caricnm makes its appearance in the Waccama beds of the Caro- 

 linas while F. c/iccaus has, so far as I know, been reported only 

 from the modern Fauna. From F. c/iccans we finally derive 

 the variety candelabrum Lam., in which there are only three 

 or four huge spines in the last whorl. 



In the late Miocene (Duplin beds of S. Carolina) and the 

 early Pliocene (Caloosahatchee 

 beds of Florida) a parallel series 

 seems to have developed inde- 

 pendently from an ancestor of 



these formations occur rou 

 whorled and spiralled shells 

 the maximum type (Fig. 

 except that they are much m 

 strongly contracted in front 

 the body whorl than the Y< 



This 



the sh 



typical Fu/o-nr maxinun 

 the Caloosahatchee beds 

 rida. I have not seei 

 shells, which, if Heilprin 



