688 THE AMERICAN NATURALIST. [Vol. XXXVII. 



are cited simply as coming from the Upper Cretaceous. The 

 deposits from which the fossil fishes of Westphalia are exhumed 

 are regarded as Senonian. Rcemer (Zeitschr. deutsch. geol. 

 Gcscll. vol. 6, 1854, p. 201) assigns these beds to the older 

 Senonian. Lepsius {Geol. Deutschlands, vol. 1, p. 177) and 

 Credner (Elem. Geol., p. 637) regard them as belonging to the 

 Upper Senonian. A comparison of the genera and species of 

 fishes from Mount Lebanon with those from Westphalia has 

 convinced the present writer that the horizons of the two groups 

 of beds are practically the same, and that the Mount Lebanon 

 fishes, therefore, belong to the Upper Senonian. 1 lence these 

 fishes lived near the close of Cretaceous times; and we are 

 enabled to observe the advances which this group of animals 

 had made during this long age. 



the beginning of the Cretaceous the shark-like animals 



