No. 442.] OSTEOLOGY OF THE KINGFISHERS. 709 



fill up the forward part of the rhinal chamber (Fig. 2). 

 Alcedo this expansion is not particularly noticeable. wbiK 

 other respects the arrangement of their parts is the same. 



Alcedo also differs from the various species of Ceryle in 

 manner in which the quadrat o-jugal bar articulates with the qi 

 rate. In Ceryle it is received into an articulating socket on 

 outer side of the bone in question, while in Alcedo it meet: 



Passing to the base of the skull, again, we must note 1 

 small is the anterior aperture of the Eustachian tubes, i 

 observe the sharpened lower border of the sphenoidal rostri 



The form of the lower mandible is well shown in figure 

 and 4. It does not essentially differ in Alcedo ispida. Botl 



make their appearance. In Ceryle the articul 

 the mandible is pneumatic ; the inturned artici 

 short and blunt, while the hinder ones are trum 

 is V-shaped with a very deep symphysis. 



Nothing worthy of particular note rewards o 

 the internal aspect of the brain-case. The usu 



The P arrangement of the ear-cell is very sire 

 bony tie beams found in its interior, in so m 

 replaced by solid bone, pierced only by the ne 

 The hyoid apparatus (Fig. 2, 7) departs ver 

 ordinary birds. This is seen principally in the 

 branchial (6/1), with its slender, connate seco 

 (Vb/i) reduced in this bird to a mere spine of 

 The epi-branchials are very much shortenec 

 delicate in structure, being tipped behind as usi 



