ii 



published papers on Concentric Hypertrophy of the Heart and on 

 Emphysema of the Lnngs. In the former he established and applied 

 Cruveilheir's opinion that this condition of hearts is characteristic of 

 those " which death has surprised in all their energy of contractility." 

 In the latter, he demonstrated the effects of the kings' loss of elasti- 

 city, and, from experiments made with Mr. Busk, showed the inacti- 

 vity of the tracheal and bronchial muscular fibres under galvanic 

 stimnlns, and thence argued against the too often assumed influence 

 of the muscular structure of the air-tubes in the phenomena of 

 asthma. 



Each of these essays shows great habitual care in studying disease, 

 not only in its own signs, but with constant reference to the best 

 knowledge of the natural strnctnre and action of the affected parts. 

 The same method is evident in a paper in the forty-second volume of 

 the " Medico- Chirurgical Transactions," in which he showed that the 

 inflammatory changes in the lungs, in cases of primary cancer within 

 the chest, are very probably dne to the morbid growths involving the 

 pulmonary nerve-plexuses, and thus producing effects similar to those 

 produced by injury to the trunk or branches of the fifth cerebral 

 nerve. 



The same good method of study is shown on a much larger scale, 

 and with avast amount of careful observation and research, in Dr. 

 Budd's chief work, his Treatise on Diseases of the Liver, published 

 in 1845. Writing of this, Dr. Wilson Fox, who may be deemed the 

 most capable judge, says, " He may fairly be said to be the first 

 writer who, for nearly half a century, had systematized the practical 

 knowledge of liver- diseases ; and he, for the first time, gave this 

 knowledge the form which it has retained for nearly forty years. 

 This he did through the fact that he impressed on nearly every state- 

 ment his own careful clinical observation, and reinvestigated the patho- 

 logy of the subject in the light of the then recent anatomical works 

 of Kiernan and Bowman. The result has been that his book remains 

 and must remain an original work of the highest value, and marking 

 a period." 



Of scarcely less value was the Treatise on Diseases of the Stomach, 

 published in 1855. It abounds in valuable clinical observations and 

 cases carefully recorded, including those by which he showed that the 

 self-digestion of the stomach after death is often due to specially cor- 

 rosive secretions, whose action during life is prevented by the alka- 

 linity of the circulating blood. His arguments on this subject show 

 singularly clear and ingenious thought ; just as do those with which, in 

 his treatise on the liver, he proved that hepatic abscesses are very 

 often due, not only to phlebitis of the minutest portal veins, but 

 to blood-poisoning from diseased intestines, and criticised Claude 

 Bernard's hepatogenic theory of diabetes in the presence of this 



