378 



Dr. C. A. MacMimn. 



Then with ammonium sulphide : — ■ 



1st Band \568 '5—556 '5 



2nd} „ X537 -5—523 



In the alcohol extract of the liver these bands were clearly dis- 

 cernible, and also that of enterochlorophyll. The latter generally was 

 found to extend from X678 — 661, and therefore corresponds to the 

 band of enterochlorophyll in other Mollusca, but the colouring-matter 

 is present in smaller quantity than in those examined supra, and 

 therefore it is most difficult to measure the bands produced by the 

 action of nitric acid, but they are 1 believe the same as those already 

 described. 



Some specimens of Helix aspersa kept fasting for six months still 

 showed in their bile the reduced heematin bands, and in one specimen 

 the band in red was still present. I have now specimens in my 

 laboratory which have been fasting nine months, and they appear as 

 vigorous as ever, and a specimen recently examined still contained 

 reduced hsematin. The drawing of the spectrum of the alcoholic 

 extract of the liver of Helix pomatia will represent that of Helix 

 aspersa. 



Helix pomatia. — The reddish-brown bile from the intestine close to 

 the liver showed the presence of reduced hagmatin with and without 

 sulphide of ammonium, of which .(with sulphide) the first extended 

 from X567 — 555, and the second from \536 — 523. The yellow alcohol 

 extract of two livers showed only the bands of reduced hsernatin 

 with sulphide of ammonium, but in the extract of a third liver the 

 chlorophyll band in red was discernible (see sp. 9), extending from 

 X678 — 661. But the last-named pigment is small in amount, as 

 denoted by the action of nitric acid, which, although it caused the 

 heematin bands to disappear and left that in red, yet did not seem to 

 cause the appearance of any others. The ,ehemical characters of this 

 bile were the same as those in ithe case of Helix aspersa. 



Helix citrina. — The yellow alcohol extract of the liver showed the 

 presence of chlorophyll, and resembled those already described in 

 other particulars. 



Arion ater : Liver and Bile. — Like all the Pulmonate Mollusca 

 already referred to, the specimens of Arion ater examined were kept 

 fasting some days, until they ceased to discharge their intestinal 

 contents, in order to avoid the source of error arising from the fact 

 that the intestine ramifies through the liver, and hence an alcohol 

 extract might contain intestinal chlorophyll from the food. The bile 

 is brownish-yellow, and gives generally, without any treatment, the 

 spectrum of reduced haematin, which is much more distinct with 

 ammonium sulphide, the bands reading as follows : — 



