380 



Dr. C. A. MacMunn. 



abundance of hemoglobin, and there is no longer need for respiratory 

 haemochromogen. (It is a remarkable fact that the intestine is not 

 nearly as wide in Planorbis as it is in Helix and Limax. Is this 

 because no intestinal respiration takes place in Planorbis ?) 



Aethropoda. 



Among Arthropoda I have as yet only examined crustacean bile and 

 liver extracts. 



Bile of Homarus vulgaris. — Only one specimen has been examined. 

 The brownish bile of neutral reaction, which got darker on exposure 

 to air, gave a band in red, and an ill-defined band between D and E, 

 placed in the position of that of Moseley's " Actiniochrome."* The 

 former extended from \681— 658*5. The occurrence of the second 

 band is interesting, as the same is seen on examining some of the 

 undissolved pigments in the membrane lining the shell. There was 

 also in an aqueous solution of the bile a third band between green 

 and blue from A507 — 484 (sp. 11). 



When an extract was made of the liver by means of rectified spirit, 

 the last-mentioned band from a5"07 — 484 was well seen, and there 

 was also a feeble one in red. Sulphide of ammonium hardly affected 

 the spectrum ; caustic soda caused the appearance of a band cover- 

 ing D, while that at F seemed to be less distinct ; the former was 

 ill-defined, but probably extended from A600 — 576. When treated 

 with nitric acid the band at F became better marked, and read 

 X505 — 484. Ammonia seemed to cause the disappearance of the same 

 band ; and that covering D 1 — which was also produced by caustic 

 soda — again appeared. Magnesium and acetic acid did not affect the 

 band at F, nor did peroxide of hydrogen. 



Cancer pagurus : Liver and Bile. — The yellow bile became orange 

 after standing exposed to the air. An aqueous solution gave a 

 shading from A516 — 484. No other bands were visible. An absolute 

 alcohol solution of a yellow colour gave a faint band from \509 — 

 484. Treated with nitric acid it became greenish, and a shading 

 from X509 — 484 was still visible. Caustic potash did not remove 

 the latter. When the liver was allowed to stand twenty-four hours, 

 and had become a deeper yellow than before, it yielded its colour 

 more readily to absolute alcohol, and this solution gave a band from 

 A 500 — 480. A chloroformic solution was reddish-yellow, and in this 

 two bands were seen, one from X509— 488, the second X474 — 459, 

 the latter fainter than the former ; on evaporation of the chloroform 

 an orange-coloured residue was left, which contained oily matter, and 

 could not be purified. 



* :i Quart. Journ. Mic. Sci.," 1873, p. 14-3. 



