PART II. OF PAINTING. 57 



supposed shaded, the red and orange colour of the evening sky 

 is reflected in the water, and upon the tops of the mountains ; 

 on the light side of the rocks and buildings ; and, more or 

 less, on every light object in the picture. The natural contrast 

 to this colour is greenish black, and purple ; the former in the 

 foreground ; the latter in the distance, and on the shadowy 

 sides of the clouds. 



The general effect and expression of the picture being now 

 completed, we have only to add the last touches. These may 

 be included under— 1. Expression; and 2. Grace, which sup- 

 poses figures or animals to be introduced. 



1. Expression relates to the trees, animals, plants, and 

 every object near the eye, and serves to characterize the diffe- 

 rent kinds of each ; not the minute botanical differences, but 

 the general distinctions. Thus the finishing touch of an ash, 

 oak, elm, and beech, are each different. The first is loose, 

 somewhat drooping, and free ; the second horizontal, firm, and 

 close ; the third a medium between these extremes; the fourth 

 compact, pointed, and upright, &c. The touch of the Scotch 

 fir, larch, and stone pine, are equally distinct from each other, 

 and totally different from those given to deciduous trees. In- 

 deed almost every species of tree has a distinct kind of touch, 

 which serves to characterize it. In the indigenous plants and 



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