100 ARCHITECTURE. BOOK I. 



duces such a violent contrast, as I should think would disgust 

 even ordinary observers. 



The external appearance of a church in this style is conside- 

 rably different from the internal. It is characterized by but- 

 tresses*, either solid masses connected with the wall, or distinct 

 masses joined to the wall by segments of arches, and then called 

 flying buttresses. They are placed at regular distances from 

 each other, generally one between each window. They are 

 terminated by pinnacles, or small ornamented pyramids, which 

 have an excellent effect in varying the horizontal outline of the 

 roof. The general grand plan is that of a cross, and the gene- 

 ral appearance of one side of the building is oblong, with a 

 large projection near one end, which forms part of the arms of 

 the cross. A tower, or lantern, is usually added upon the part 

 where the arms of the cross intersect, and occasionally also at 

 one end. These towers are sometimes square, and terminated 

 by battlements ; at other times, conical, or pointed, and some- 

 times terminated by open arches in the form of the Roman tiara 

 or Crown, as in the cathedral church of Edinburgh and St. Ni- 

 cholas's in Newcastle. The buttresses, the lantern tower, and 

 the pointed windows externally, and the clustered columns, 

 pointed roof, and tracery internally, are sufficient characteristics 



* Which are so well known as to need no description here. 



