PART III. ARCHITECTURE. 12? 



and doors ; so that in general it served a double purpose. 

 Often, however, windows were made in the lower part of the 

 gable ; and though the projection extended over that part also, 

 jet from the height of the eaves of the roof, the rain, in falling, 

 particularly in times of wind, might be thrown inwards upon 

 the window. To prevent this, a projection was made over it 

 for the express purpose of keeping off* the same ; and as it was 

 known to be also advantageous in preserving the wall, it was 

 sometimes carried across the whole end or gable, as we see still 

 practised in several places. The chinmies in this style of cot- 

 tages were generally carried up singly at one or both ends of the 

 building, commonly in the outside of the wall, and generally of 

 a roundish shape, and terminated w T ith a projecting coping to 

 throw off the rain. The materials of the roof were principally 

 wood, covered either with straw, reeds, or slate stone. Some- 

 times garrets were formed under it, and consequently windows 

 were placed either in the end, in the flank or slope of the roof, 

 or both. The form of the windows was everywhere much 

 broader than high, both from the lowness of the side -wall, and 

 more suitable for giving light. This required a long cover at 

 top ; but as these were made of wood, it was no disadvantage ; 

 and besides they were frequently supported in the middle by 

 upright pieces, which served to divide them into compartments. 

 To this general form, which included every thing relating to 

 the personal accommodation of the cottager, he frequently, 



