PART III. ARCHITECTURE. 129 



2. The Scots Cottage. — The peculiar forms of these originated 

 from the abundance of stones, the comparative scarcity of 

 wood, and the severity of the climate. In them the walls were 

 built thick, in order that they might contribute to warmth, and 

 bear the weight of a natter roof. The flat roof was preferred, 

 both because less of that scarce article wood was requisite, and 

 also because this form was less liable to be injured by the 

 winds, which always prevail in naked mountainous countries. 

 The walls in this style not being so liable to decay as in the 

 other, the projection of the roof was comparatively small. This 

 did not give occasion, however, to projections over the win- 

 dows, because the walls being thick, the glass frame was less 

 exposed to the weather by receding from the outer surface of 

 the wall. The form of these windows was narrow, in order 

 that a stone of no uncommon length might easily cover them 

 at top ; and this shape likewise better secured them from the 

 weather. Still, however, as these cottages required as much 

 light as the others, the windows were made proportionally 

 deep ; and this gave rise to a mode of framing and glazing dif- 

 ferent from the English; and hence also another mode of 

 opening the glass frames for admitting air. In these long nar- 

 row windows, it is done by having the glass cases,, divided hori- 

 zontally. In the broad low English windows, it is done by 

 dividing them perpendicularly. In the former case, the sashes 

 are placed in grooves, the upper one fixed and the lower one 



