PART IV. AGRICULTURE. 227 



duced at all seasons. In a severe climate, or one excessively 

 hot, inclosures should be more numerous than in moderate 

 temperatures — in order that in the former shelter, and in the 

 latter shade, may be produced. 



3rd. . The form of inclosures. The best form, where it can 

 be obtained, is that of a square, or parallelogram : when the lat- 

 ter, it should have the length from north to south. The nature 

 of the soil, and the variations of the surface, are the best guides 

 both as to the form and size of inclosures. 



4th. The direction of the fences. In general, this should be 

 up the sides and directly across the tops of eminences, which 

 greatly increases their apparent height. Sometimes, however, 

 it is preferable to carry them obliquely across, which is better 

 calculated for the direction of the ridges, and for affording 

 shelter and shade. In levels, or vallies, they have the best 

 effect, and are most useful, when parallel to the rising grounds, 

 when they intersect one another at right angles, and when each 

 inclosure is nearly a right square. 



5th. The kind of fence. In meadows, these should be of 

 the unseen kind ; either ha ! ha's ! open water-cuts, or light 

 palings. In low fertile arable grounds, and all arable grounds 

 in mild exposures, they should be low hedges or walls. In 



