264 



CULINARY GARDENING. 



BOOK t. 



and to others, to make them accord with peculiar situations, 

 as often occurs in connexion with training in the management 

 of wall-trees. These different objects of pruning are to be 

 effected from a general acquaintance with the vegetable eco- 

 nomy, and a particular knowledge of the individuals to be 

 pruned. With respect to general laws, the common effect of 

 pruning that part of trees above ground only, is to produce more 

 vigorous annual growths; and in respect to fruit, commonly a 

 smaller number, but those of greater magnitude. The common 

 effect of pruning the roots of trees only, is the contrary, and ge- 

 nerally causes them to produce smaller and less vigorous an- 

 nual shoots, but more fruit. Much pruning, either of the tops 

 or roots, makes them produce smaller and more numerous rami- 

 fications; which, as they are unable to run out to any great 

 distance in quest of food, either from the air or the earth, do 

 consequently form a spherical bush above ground, as may 

 be seen in pollards; and a globular mass of roots under it, as 

 may be seen by taking up any tree which has been frequently 

 removed. In general also, the extremities of shoots or branches 

 bent downwards, and the extremities of roots bent upwards, 

 check vegetation and tend to produce fruit; while an oppo- 

 site practice has contrary effects. With regard to individual 

 trees, there are some sorts which only produce their fruit from 

 the young wood of the preceding year, as the vine, the fig, and 

 the raspberry. There are others which produce them from two 



