276 CULINARY GARDENING. BOOK K 



orchards. Standards for borders in the kitchen garden should 

 always be kept low, in order that they may shade the crops on 

 each side as little as possible. But perhaps the best way is to 

 have quarters for this kind of standards— to have them grafted 

 on paradise or quince stocks, by which means they come sooner 

 into fruit; and by the time those in the orchard or on the walls 

 are in a full bearing state, these quarters are fit to be thrown 

 out : and if requisite another quarter could be planted to suc- 

 ceed them. In this way, when a new garden was made, a tole- 

 rable supply of fruit might be had every year after the third ; 

 it being well known, that apples on paradise stocks, and pears 

 on quince stocks, will frequently bear the second year after 

 grafting, and very generally the third : and as those to be 

 planted in the quarters would be three or four years old before 

 they were removed from the nursery, they would commence 

 bearing immediately. 



Standards for orchards ought generally to be of the tall 

 or high kind, and always grafted upon crab stocks. — See 



ORCHARDS. 



4. The cultivation of small fruits, as gooseberries, 

 currants, raspberries, &c. is commonly known. In the cultiva- 

 tion of red and white currants much depends upon pruning. 

 They should be allowed to produce only from studs ; and from 



