302 



CULINARY 



GARDENING, 



BOOK E> 



CHAPTER VIII. 



OF THE FORMATION OF ORCHARDS. 



Orchards, with regard to formation, may be divided into two* 

 kinds : Family orchards, which are a necessary appendage to 

 every good residence ; and farm or market orchards, which are 

 peculiar to certain counties, or the neighbourhood of great 

 cities. The soil of both kinds should be strong, and the situa- 

 tion sheltered, either naturally, or by means of forest planting. 

 Natural shelter is produced by the variations of the grounds 

 surface, and prevails chiefly between the high banks and holmes 

 of winding rivers, as the Wye, the Clyde, &c; or by woods al- 

 ready full grown. The exposure is likewise generally best in 

 these situations ; which arises both from the declivity and ex- 

 posure of the north banks to the sun, from the reflection of the 

 opposite banks, and the stillness of the atmosphere, which in 

 these situations is little affected by the wind. In forming fa- 

 mily orchards, whenever the side of a dell or river, or a natu- 

 rally sheltered declivity, occurs, it should be preferred. It is 

 too common a practice for gardeners to fix on level places, or 

 regular slopes, on account of their more garden-like appearance ; 



