39S PICTURESQUE IMPROVEMENT. BOOK I. 



regard to foundation, solidity, and mortar; and then it may be 

 disguised by rocks of different sizes, as represented by fig. 3., 

 Plate XVII. Where the brook or river is of considerable mag- 

 nitude, or where the stream is Inconstant, then the masonry 

 should be built after the manner of fig. 4., the spaces seen as 

 retaining the rocks (which serve to disguise it) against the vio- 

 lence of the large brook or river, will in the case of an incon- 

 stant stream retain the water also: which, if the whole angle 

 under the cascade were filled up with loose rocks, as in fig. 3. 

 would disappear entirely. The ground plan of these three sec- 

 tions may either be directly across the river, which is least na- 

 tural; diagonally, which is more so; or irregularly, as we most 

 frequently observe takes place both in waterfalls and cascades. 

 Fig. 5. shews four different plans of waterfalls and cascades. 

 a is suited to such a cascade as fig. 4. ; b for a violent natural 

 waterfall ; c for one less so, to be viewed chiefly from the sides 

 of the river; d for one of the commonest kinds. Each of these 

 must be totally disguised by rock, as shewn on these plans by 

 lines representing the situations of different sized fragments. 

 The same general principles in regard to form will apply 

 to all kinds of heads, fishponds, &c; only there the mate- 

 rials are commonly earth, clay, or gravel; which last should 

 be well puddled with clay or stiff loam on the side next the 

 water. In designing waterfalls and cascades, one princi- 

 pal consideration is, to adapt them properly to the see- 



