PART VIII. PICTURESQUE PLANTING. 455 



These three characters may produce others by being mingled 

 in different degrees. By attending to trees individually, in con- 

 nection with the principles of taste, numerous expressions may 

 be produced, as gaiety, melancholy, elegance, &c. The separate 

 effects mentioned, however, are sufficient to suggest what may 

 be accomplished, if the operator possess a competent know- 

 ledge of the different species of trees. 



Utility includes two objects; profit or value, and shelter or 

 shade. Where profit or value is the prime object in view, there 

 will necessarily be a particular product to be grown, from which 

 it is to be derived. This product may consist of all, or of any 

 of the different parts of a tree ; as the roots, trunk, branches, 

 bark, &c. or of the essence of any of these parts, as the sap, re- 

 sin, gums, tar, pitch, &c. Timber and bark, however, are the 

 products most commonly raised ; and these and their properties 

 vary infinitely in different degrees. The timber of some is brit- 

 tle, of others tough, of some hard, and of others soft: — and the 

 bark is of different degrees of astringency, sweetness, or acri- 

 tude. These qualities and parts of trees are all adapted to dif- 

 ferent purposes in the arts ; and which of them it is most desi- 

 rable to raise, must depend entirely upon the probable con- 

 sumption, the soil, situation, and other circumstances. Where- 

 ever profit is the principal consideration, the products most 

 in demand in the given situation should be known; and 

 the trees most productive of these, must alone be planted. 



