PART VIII. PICTURESQUE PLANTING. 461 



and the hedgehog holly; others appear wholly composed of 

 thready shoots, as the Portugal broom. 



4. Colour in trees or shrubs is either accidental or permanent. 

 Permanent colours include all the different shades of green in 

 the summer months ; accidental colours the tints of red and 

 yellow that are peculiar to autumn and spring. Some perma- 

 nent colours are of a dark green, as those of the horse-chesnut 

 and the yew ; some are of a light green, as those of the ash and 

 the common laurel ; some are of a bluish green, as those of the 

 Scotch fir and the bladder senna. Some trees are of a green, 

 tinged with brown, as the Virginian cedar; others of a green,, 

 tinged with white, as the abele and the Lapland willow. Some 

 greens are tinged with yellow, as the ash-leaved maple and the 

 Chinese arbor vitse ; some are tinged with red, as the scarlet 

 maple; others are tinged with purple, as the purple beech. 

 Some greens are spotted with white, yellow, and red, as the va- 

 riegated holly, privet, sycamore, box, and many others. Ac- 

 cidental colours are infinite in number, and each kind is liable 

 to much variation. In autumn, however, it will generally be 

 found that the wild cherry assumes a bright red, the birch a 

 deep red, the beech a brownish red, the scarlet oak a deep scar- 

 let, the hornbeam a russet colour, the sugar-maple a rich yel- 

 low, the oak a reddish yellow, the lime and ash a straw colour,, 

 the balsam poplar black, the sycamore of a dark brown, &c» 



