PART VIII. PICTURESQUE PLANTING. 569 



but that which is already produced must be rendered more 

 characteristic. In proceeding to accomplish this purpose, all 

 plantations will be found to consist of hardwood alone; resinous 

 trees alone ; or hardwood and resinous trees mixed together. 



Hardwood. — Where a plantation of hardwood is to be re- 

 duced to a wood (that is, to timber trees and undergrowth), and 

 the undergrowth is to be used for fuel only, then good trees, of 

 kinds suited to the soil and the probable demand, &c. must be 

 pitched upon, and left as standards ; while all the rest are cut 

 over by the surface, that they may become stools for producing 

 undergrowth. The ground should then be dug, trenched, or 

 hoed, according to circumstances; though, from the crowded 

 state in which the trees may have previously been, these opera- 

 tions will generally be rendered unnecessary. But in place of 

 common undergrowth, suppose that of oak were desirable;: 

 then, after having fixed upon the proper standards to be re- 

 tained, all the rest must be grubbed out by the roots, the 

 ground dug or trenched, and acorns planted; and again, when 

 these are grown, they must be kept free from weeds for two or 

 three years, to promote their progress. Suppose it were desire- 

 able to reduce the whole to copsewood. If for fuel only, then 

 cut over the whole by the surface; if for bark, root out the 

 whole, reserving all the oaks, and plant with acorns, &c. as be- 

 fore. Or if it were desirable to reduce a neglected plantation 



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