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PART VIII. PICTURESQUE PLANTING. 579 



surface, and each stool inclosed with a fence, which, defending 

 it from cattle, may produce a new tree. They should be 

 rooted out at once, when it is not intended to be continued, 

 Pine or fir groves, or any fir tree whatever, that is felled, should 

 be taken out by the roots at once. In woods, the undergrowth 

 should be cut over within three or four inches of the surface, 

 reserving always a good sapling to succeed any timber tree 

 which may be cut down. The proper time and manner of fell- 

 ing timber and undergrowth are of great importance. " A tim- 

 bered estate (says Mr. Marshall) should frequently be gone 

 over by some person of judgment, who, let the price and de- 

 mand for timber be what they may, ought to mark every tree 

 which wears the appearance of decay. If the demand be brisk, 

 and the price high, he ought to go two steps further, and mark 

 not only such as are full grown, but such also as are near per- 

 fection ; for the interest of the money, the disincumbrance 

 of the neighbouring young timbers, and the comparative ad- 

 vantages of a good market, are not to be bartered for any in- 

 crease of timber which can reasonably be expected from trees 

 in the last stage of their growth. 



" There are men in this kingdom, who, from mismanagement 

 of their timber, are now losing, annually, very handsome in- 

 comes. The loss of price which generally follows the refusal of 

 a high offer, the certain loss of interest, the decay of timber, 



