Xo. 5S0] 



ORIGIN OF SINGLE CHARACTERS 



•2<)1 



in palatal length; canines robust 

 and not specially elongated, the 

 point of upper tooth extending 

 scarcely beyond middle of mandi- 

 bular ramus when jaws arc closed 

 (Fig. 65). 



[Species] Canis lupus. Diag- 



skull more than '200 nun. (220 to 

 225 mm.) ; cheek-teeth larger than 



In the ascending order of Miller's definitions we note 

 that ' ' subspecies are mainly distinguished hy characters of 

 proportion and of form and by the degrees and intensities 

 of color, but rarely if ever hy numerical characters. "S,,, 

 cies" are mainly distinguished by the proportions of the 

 various hard parts and to a less extent by the presence 

 and absence of minor 1 'numerical "characters. ' 'Genera" 

 are distinguished by the proportions, by the presence or 

 absence of several numerical characters, also by func- 

 tional characters such as dental succession. "Families" 

 are distinguished by changes of proportion and of form, 



absence of certain parts, by structural adaptations in the 

 teeth and feet, "Orders" are distinguished by the funda- 



