No. 589] THE EUGSTER GTNANDE OMORPH BEES 41 



the gynandromorphs, yet the desirability of having it con- 

 firmed on living material may be still worth while, since, 

 as Boveri points out in a postscript, von Engelhardt has 

 recently (1914) described some hybrid gynandromorphs 

 from fresh material which lead to the opposite conclusion 

 from that to which Boveri has arrived. Von Engelhardt 's 

 bees arose from an Italian queen by a * 1 domestic" drone. 

 Until it is ascertained what variety was used as the do- 

 mestic drone the value of the evidence is not entirely 

 certain. 



A student of Boveri's, Fr. Elsa Mehling, has made a 

 very careful study of the Eugster gynandromorphs, pay- 

 ing attention to a number of characters. Her work adds 

 many details of interest concerning the admixture of male 

 and female parts, but does not, however, furnish much 

 additional evidence concerning the origin of these parts. 

 She arrives at the same conclusion as that reached by 

 Boveri, viz., that the male parts are maternal. 



In this connection it should be recalled that the long 

 sought for evidence demonstrating that drones inherit the 

 characters of their mother has at last been found by 

 Newell. Working at an isolated station forty miles from 

 Houston, Texas, he mated Italian and Carniolan races of 

 bees. The Italians are distinctly yellow, while the Carni- 

 olans are more or less gray. The stocks used had been 

 under observation for several generations and were known 

 to be pure. When virgin Italian queens were mated to 

 Carniolan drones the workers and queens (both of which 

 come from fertilized eggs) are like the Italian yellow 

 stock, which is, therefore, dominant as to color. The 

 drones from this mating are also yellow, which is expected 

 if they inherit from their mother, but the cross made this 

 way is not decisive in regard to the inheritance of the 

 drones, because the maternal color is here dominant. In 

 the reciprocal cross the result is decisive. Thus when a 

 Carniolan queen is mated to an Italian drone the workers 

 and queens are yellow due to the dominant color of the 

 father, but the drones are gray like the pure Carniolan 

 drones. This result proves that the characters of the 



