A FURTHER ANALYSIS OF THE HEREDITARY 

 TRANSMISSION OF DEGENERACY AND 

 DEFORMITIES BY THE DESCENDANTS 

 OF ALCOHOLIZED MAMMALS. II 



CHARLES R. STOCKARD and GEORGE PAPANICOLAOU 



Department of Anatomy, Cornell Univfrsitt Medical School, 

 New York City 



The Influence of Inteenal and Exteenal Factoes on 

 the Quality of the Offspeing 

 Table II gives the relationship between the size of the 

 litters and the mortality of the descendants from differ- 

 ent combinations. It brings out in a way the variable 

 internal and external factors to be considered in inter- 

 preting the conditions of the members of the numerous 

 litters of animals. The external factor considered in the 

 table is one of nutrition or environment, depending upon 

 the number of young developed in the uterus at any one 

 time. The table indicates the influence of an internal 

 factor, the germ plasms concerned in mating related or 

 non-related animals. Four combinations are considered: 

 pairs of normal non-relatives, pairs of alcoholic non- 

 relatives, pairs of normal relatives, and pairs of alcoholic 

 relatives. 



The first vertical column shows that in mating together 

 normal non-related guinea pigs of the stocks used in these 

 experiments the average litter contains 1.96 individuals. 

 Fifty-one and eleven hundredths per cent, of the young 

 were found in litters of two, and 20 per cent, of the ani- 

 mals occurred in litters of three. Fifteen and fifty-five 

 hundredths per cent, of the animals were born in litters 

 of only one young, and 13.33 per cent, in litters of four 

 individuals. 



The next space below in the table shows the number 

 and percentage of individuals living over three months 



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