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THE AMERICAN NATURALIST [Vol. L 



A second conclusion indicated by Table II is that in- 

 breeding the defective alcoholic stock produces a quality 

 of offspring decidedly inferior to that produced by the 

 alcoholic lines when not inbred. This involves the inter- 

 nal factors of the germ cells. When a modified germ cell 

 is united with a related one probably modified in a closely 

 similar manner, a summation of the modification pro- 

 duces a more decidedly modified individual than would 

 result from the combination of two non-related germ 

 cells, even though they also be modified. In other words, 

 as is shown in much of the data on heredity in higher ani- 

 mals, relatives probably respond to the treatment more 

 nearly in the same way than do non-relatives, and there 

 fore inbred defectives produce the most disastrous results 

 obtainable. 



The Kelative Conditions of the Male and Female 

 Descendants from Pateenal and from Maternal 

 Alcoholized Ancestors 



We may now consider the possibility of analyzing the 

 relative influences of various alcoholized ancestors on 

 their offspring of different sex and the descendants of 

 such offspring. The problems may be stated thus : are 

 the offspring from alcoholized males more or less degen- 

 erate or modified than those from alcoholized females, 

 and is there a difference in the degree of degeneracy be- 

 tween the male and female offspring? Are the descend- 

 ants from alcoholic grandparents on the father's side 

 more or less defective than the descendants from alco- 

 holic grandparents on the mother's side, and do alcohol- 

 ized grandfathers and grandmothers show an equally 

 strong tendency to stamp their grandchildren? Do the 

 grandsons and granddaughters show relatively different 

 conditions, depending upon whether they are descended 

 from alcoholized grandfathers on the father's or the 

 mother's side or from alcoholized grandmothers on the 

 paternal or the maternal side? 



Table III, which excludes all inbred animals, is a sum- 



