4- Reindeer 



notice. In the British Museum skull the antlers approximate to the 

 Scandinavian type, although they are smaller and the beam is relatively 

 shorter ; both the brow- and bez-tines are expanded, the right brow being 

 much larger than the left. In the two skulls figured by Dr. Nitsche the 

 antlers are simple, and are probably either immature or those of females. 

 The whole animal is interior in size to the Scandinavian reindeer. 

 Distt -i but ion. — S p i t z b e r ge n . 



c. Woodland Race — Rangifer tarandus caribou 



Ceruus tarandus caribou, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 177 (1788). 



Ceruus hastalis, Agassiz, Sillimans 'Journal, 1847, P- 43^- 



Ceruus tarandus sy/vestris, Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer. p. 251 (1829). 



Rangifer caribou, Audubon and Bachman, £>uadr. N. Amer. vol. iii. p. 

 111 (1853) ; Baird, N. Amer. Ma mm. p. 633 (1857) ; J. A. Allen, Bui/. 

 Amer. Mus. vol. viii. p. 234 (1896) ; Miller, P. Boston Soc. vol. xxviii. p. 

 40 (1897). 



Tarandus hastalis, Fitzinger, SB. Ak. Wien, vol. lxviii. part i. p. 349 

 (1873), Ixix. part i. p. 542 (1874). 



Characters. — This form is the one commonly known in America as the 

 woodland caribou, and is of large size, with the antlers stout, flattened, 

 much palmated, and not of excessive length ; one of the brow-tines being 

 much expanded, while the other is simple ; the bez-tine being also more 

 palmated than in the Scandinavian form, and the back-tine well developed. 

 Female antlers are proportionately smaller than in the Scandinavian race. 

 From the evidence of a mounted specimen in the British Museum obtained 

 from Hudson Bay, and Dr. Allen's notes (which are based on three 

 examples from New Brunswick in the autumn pelage), the following 

 features seem distinctive of this form, especially as compared with the New- 

 foundland race. The pasterns of both fore and hind feet are very long and 

 lender, with the cleft of the hoofs continued upwards on the front line 

 as far as the lower end of the cannon-bone, and there is no distinct tuft of 

 hair above the cleft of the hoof. The colour of the body and limbs is 

 much darker than in the Newfoundland race, the dark area extending over 

 the anterior half of the lower surface of the body ; and, except the extremity 

 of the upper lip, the muzzle is as dark as the face, while there is no light 



