Barren-Ground Race 47 



numbers on the island, Mr. Caton mentions that it is reported frequently 

 to cross on the ice to the continent. If this be true, the right to sub- 

 specific distinction would be more than doubtful. The chief claims to dis- 

 tinction appear to be the generally lighter colour, the much greater extent 

 of white on the feet and muzzle, the light rings round the eyes, and the 

 shorter and more massive antlers. From a series of specimens that I have 

 lately seen, the characters of the present form appear to be very constant. 

 Distribution. — Newfoundland. 



e. Greenland Race — Rangifer tarandus grcenlandicus 



Cervus tarandus grcenlandicus, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. vol. i. p. 177 (1788). 



Rangifer grcenlandicus, Baird, N. Amer. Mamm. p. 634 (1857) ; Caton, 

 Antelope and Deer of America, p. 105 (1877) ; J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. 

 vol. viii. p. 234 (1896). 



Characters. — The Greenland reindeer appears nearly allied to the 

 barren-ground race, having long, slender, rounded antlers, with few points, 

 and showing great variability in form. There is a broad, sharply defined 

 white ring round the eye ; and a distinct, deep white band immediately 

 above the hoofs. Not having seen specimens, I am unable to give further 

 particulars about its coloration. In the antler figured by Dr. J. A. Allen 

 there is a back-tine, but the bez has only two points. 



Distribution. — Greenland. 



f. Barren-Ground Race — Rangifer tarandus arcticus 



Cervus tarandus arcticus, Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer. p. 239 (1829). 



Tarandus arcticus, Baird, U.S. Patt. Of. Rep. Agric. 1 8 5 1 , p. 105. 



Rangifer arcticus, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. vol. viii. p. 234 (1896). 



Characters. — Size small. Antlers of male very long, slender, and 

 rounded, with but few points on the expanded portion of the beam, which 

 is separated by a long interval from the bez-tine ; the latter tine, and 

 generally one of the brows, more or less expanded ; back-tine generally, if 

 not always, wanting ; female antlers much smaller, simpler, and scarcely 

 curved at all. 1 As I have never seen a skin of this form, I can say nothing 



1 See figure on p. 104 of Mr. Caton's work. 



