Classification 19 



forming a right angle or a continuous curve with the beam ; pelage of 

 adult generally more or less uniform, of young spotted. Oriental region. 



IV. Genus Cervulus. — Lateral metacarpals as in Cervus ; antlers small, with a 

 brow-tine and an unbranched beam, supported on long bony pedicles, con- 

 tinued downwards as convergent ridges on the forehead ; upper canines of 

 male large and tusk-like. Oriental region. 



V. Genus Elaphodus. — Nearly related to the last, but the antlers still smaller, 

 with shorter pedicles and divergent frontal ridges ; upper canines of male 

 not everted at the tips. South-eastern portion of Eastern Holarctic region. 



VI. Genus Dremotherium {Extinct). — Lateral metacarpals in some cases com- 

 plete, and in others apparently wanting ; antlers, when present, mounted 

 on long bony pedicles, with a very imperfect burr, simply forked, and 

 non-deciduous ; upper canines generally tusk-like ; cheek-teeth low- 

 crowned (brachydont). Eastern Holarctic region, from the Oligocene to 

 the Miocene periods. 



VII. Genus Dicroceros {Extinct). — Closely allied to the last, but with the 

 antlers of a somewhat more advanced type, no tusk-like upper canines, 

 and the cheek-teeth tall-crowned (hypsodont). Eastern Holarctic region 

 during the Miocene period. 



VIII. Genus Hydrelaphus. — Lateral metacarpals as in Rangifer; antlers wanting ; 



upper canines of males tusk-like and growing from semi-persistent pulps ; 

 cheek-teeth tall-crowned (hypsodont) ; tail moderate. South-eastern portion 

 of the Eastern Holarctic region. 



IX. Genus Capreolus. — Lateral metacarpals as in Rangifer; antlers rather 

 small, without a brow-tine or sub-basal snag, dichotomously forked, with 

 the upper or posterior prong again forking ; tail rudimentary ; vomer not 

 dividing posterior nasal aperture of skull. Eastern Holarctic region. 



X. Genus Elaphurus. — Lateral metacarpals as in Cervus ; antlers large, with- 

 out a brow-tine or sub-basal snag, dichotomously forked, with the upper 

 prong of the fork curving forwards and dividing, and the lower prong 

 long, simple, and projected backwards, the beam making a very marked 

 angle with the plane of the face ; tail very long ; vomer as in Capreolus. 

 Eastern portion of Eastern Holarctic region. 



XI. Genus Anoglochis {Extinct).- — Lateral metacarpals unknown; antlers 

 large, without a brow-tine, but with a sub-basal snag, above which the 

 beam is dichotomously forked, one or both prongs of the fork again 

 dividing once or more, and the whole antler forming a marked angle with 



