68 Elaphine Group 



bacher Phitz, Munich. Among British collections, that of Viscount 

 Powerscourt, at Povverscourt, Enniskerry, Ireland, claims a very prominent 

 position, one of the specimens from this series being represented in Fig. 15. 

 The great hall at Hampton Court contains a small but unusually fine series 

 of red deer antlers, all of which appear to be of great antiquity, and doubt- 

 less came from the Continent. Several of them appear equal in size and 

 number of points to some of the Moritzburg specimens, and the collection 

 is probably unrivalled in Britain. It also includes a few examples of 

 wapiti antlers, and some remarkably fine specimens of those of the elk. 



Fig. 19 shows the antlers of a wild red deer from Exmoor. It has 

 six tines, and serves to exhibit the difference between such red deer antlers 

 and those of the wapiti (Fig. 24, p. 95), the fourth tine being com- 

 paratively small, and projecting externally to the beam, quite out of the 

 plane of the two terminal tines, whereas in the latter the fourth tine is 

 very large, and projects inwardly in the plane of the two terminal tines. 

 In the island of Jura there exists a remarkable breed of red deer, locally 

 known as " cromies," and characterised by the peculiar downward curvature 

 of their antlers. Although deer with these appendages normally developed 

 also live in the island, the two are stated never to interbreed, but to keep 

 apart. 



Distribution. — The greater part of Europe, probably as far east as the 

 Don and Volga, but exclusive of much of the region in the neighbourhood 

 of the Black Sea and the Eastern Carpathians ; farther northwards there is 

 a want of definite information with regard to the eastern range. 1 Sir 

 Victor Brooke gives the following list of countries and districts now 

 inhabited by wild red deer of the typical variety, viz. Ireland, County 

 Kerry ; Great Britain, Devonshire and Somerset, Highlands of Scotland, and 

 the islands of Harris, Skye, Rum, Mull, Jura, and Arran ; Isle of Hitteren, 

 Norway ; the south of Sweden, France, Spain, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, 

 and Greece. Italy, it will be noticed, is omitted from this list, although 

 it is included in the habitat of the race in Bell's British Quadrupeds; 

 and from Switzerland the red deer has long since completely disappeared. 

 From a scries of heads belonging to the Due d'Orleans, which I have lately 

 had the opportunity of seeing, it appears that the Spanish red deer has a very 



1 Dr. K. Bikhncr has published a paper on this subject, but does not clearly distinguish between the 

 typical and Caspian races. 



