Hangul 83 



tail of great relative length, which must accordingly be regarded as an error 

 on the part of the artist. 



The red colour and the absence of the caudal disk in the early summer 

 pelage, as well as the simple antlers, are distinctly generalised characters, 

 although the extremely short tail is a specialised feature sharply distinguish- 

 ing this species from the red deer. The appearance of the caudal disk by 

 fading of the summer pelage is paralleled by the bleaching of this area in the 

 wapiti, and may indicate the original mode of formation. 



Distribution. — Manchuria, and probably other parts of Eastern Asia. 

 How far west this species extends, is a point for future investigation ; the 

 range given by Sir Victor Brooke includes the areas of other species. 



Habits. — Although nothing is known of this deer in a wild state, the 

 specimen at Woburn Abbey lived almost entirely on leaves during the 

 summer, whereas both red deer and wapiti are to a great extent grazing 

 animals. 



3. The Hangul — Cervus cashmirianus 



Cervus cashmerensis, Gray, List Osteol. Brit. Mus. p. 65 (1847), — no 

 description. 



Cervus cashmeriensis, Adams, Proc. Zoo!. Soc. 1858, p. 529. 



Cervus cashmeerianus, Falconer's Palceontological Memoirs, vol. i. p. 576 

 (1868); Sclater, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. vii. p. 339 (1 871) ; Gray, Cat. 

 Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 68 (1872) ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 912 ; 

 W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. Mus. part ii. p. 184 (1891). 



Cervus wa//ic/iii, Kinloch, Large Game Shooting, part i. p. 44 (1869). 



Cervus cashmirianus, Fitzinger, SB. Ak. Wien, vol. lxix. part i. p. 586 

 (1874) ; Sterndale, Mamm. Ind. p. 512 (1884) ; Blanford, Fauna Brit. 

 Ind. — Mamm. p. 535 (1891) ; Ward, Records of Big Game, p. 38 (1896). 



Plate IV 



Characters. — Height from 4 feet to 4 feet 4 inches at the shoulder. 

 Antlers rounded throughout, with a bez-tine, and usually only five points, 

 so that no cup is formed at the crown ; the brow-tine generally arising at a 

 considerable distance above the burr, and usually shorter than the bez ; and 

 the fourth tine shorter than the fifth, or terminal tine ; the beam much curved 

 towards the middle line, so that the summits of the terminal tines of the 



