\6i 



Rusine Group 



size, and character of horns. ... I have an impression that the same 

 differentiation of species of Cervus exists in the Philippines as I found so 

 prominent in many genera of birds." All these traits are essentially those 

 of a sambar. Its crouching, skulking gait and elevated hind-quarters have 

 been already mentioned. 



2. The Rusa, or Javan Sambar — Cervus hippelaphus 



Cervus hippelaphus, Cuvier, Ossemens Fossiles, ed. 3, vol. iv. p. 40 (1825) ; 

 Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1878, p. 903 ; W. L. Sclater, Cat. Mamm. Ind. 

 Mus. part ii. p. 179 (1891). 



Cervus (Rusa) hippelaphus, H. Smith, in Griffith's Animal Kingdom, vol. 

 iv. p. 105, v. p. 309 (1827). 



Cervus russa, Miiller and Schlegel, Verh. Ges. Nederl. Zool. p. 217, plate 

 xliv (1839-44). 



Rusa hippelaphus, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. p. 179 (1843), ^ at - 

 Ungulata Brit. Mus. p. 209 (1852), Cat. Ruminants Brit. Mus. p. 77 (1872) ; 

 Fitzinger, SB. Ak. Wien, vol. lxviii. part i. p. 355 (1873), lxx. part i. 

 p. 312 (1874). 



Cervus (Hippelaphus) hippelaphus, Sundevall, K. Svenska Vet. Ak. Handl. 

 for 1 844, p. 178 (1846). 



Cervus tunjac, Blyth, Cat. Ind. Mus. p. 151 (1863). 



Characters. — General form, pelage, and coloration sambar-like, but the 

 ears never very large, the tail thin, the hairs on the back banded with 

 differently -coloured rings, and the under-parts, chin, and inner sides of 

 thighs and buttocks more or less distinctly whitish. Size medium. Antlers 

 comparatively slender and only moderately rugose, with the brow-tine of 

 medium or short length, and making a large acute angle with the beam ; 

 the hinder or inner tine of the terminal fork much longer than the front 

 or outer one, and forming the continuation of the beam, from the front or 

 front-outer surface of which the front tine arises as an offshoot ; the two 

 antlers enclosing a more or less distinctly lyrate space. Young uniformly 

 coloured. 



Although included by Mr. Blanford among the synonyms of the sambar, 

 the rusa, or Javan sambar, is undoubtedly entitled to rank as a separate 

 species. Not only is there the marked difference in the form of the antlers, 



