164 Rusine Group 



is essential before finality can be reached in this respect. Sir Victor Brooke 

 speaks of the various races as differing mainly in point of size ; but Fitzinger 

 alludes to colour differences and the varying length of the hair on the neck 

 and tail ; and examples living at Woburn display considerable differences in 

 the former respect. 



Distribution. — Java, Timor, Celebes, and the Moluccas, introduced into 

 Mauritius. 



a. Javan Race — Cervus hippelaphus typicus 



Characters. — Smaller than the Indian sambar, and of the approximate 

 size of a red deer. Head of moderate length, with the facial profile nearly 

 straight ; throat and neck of males with a well-developed mane ; ear broad, 

 and less than half the length of the head ; tail only slightly longer than the 

 ear, thinner than in the Malayan sambar, and ending in a tuft of thick 

 coarse hairs. Antlers as described above, a pair in the British Museum 

 having the front tine of the terminal fork nearly in the same plane as the 

 hinder one. General colour of the upper-parts in summer pelage dark, 

 grizzled, ochry-brown with a tinge of red, darker on the hind-quarters and 

 thighs than elsewhere ; front of neck, chest, and under-parts varying from 

 dirty white to brownish gray, and a dark reddish brown longitudinal streak 

 on the front of the chest ; flanks shot with rusty brown, and frequently 

 with a patch of that colour ; inner side and lower part of legs, as well as 

 inner side of buttocks, dirty whitish ; chin, lips, and under surface of lower 

 jaw whitish, with a brownish spot on the lower lip at the angle of the 

 mouth ; inner surface of ear also whitish ; base of tail yellowish brown 

 above and dirty white beneath, at or near the tip uniformly blackish brown. 

 In winter the general colour of the upper-parts is more grayish brown ; the 

 under-parts and inner surfaces of the upper portion of the fore-legs, thighs, 

 and buttocks dirty yellowish white ; the tip of the lower jaw, the border of 

 the upper lip, and the neighbourhood of the nose white ; a blackish spot 

 beneath the angle of the mouth, and often a brownish band round the 

 muzzle. In the female the streaks on the chest and the tail are somewhat 

 lighter. The antlers are relatively long and stout. 



Such is Fitzinger's description of this species, which accords fairly well 

 with specimens mentioned under the head of the next form. The British 

 Museum has no skins, two from Hainan labelled C. hippelaphus being 



