Water-Deer 219 



foreshadowing a periodical replacement. According to Filhol, the upper 

 canines, if present at all, are small. 



Distribution. — Europe in the Miocene epoch. 



The Sansan Muntjac — Dicroceros elegans (Extinct) 



Dicrocerus elegans, Lartet, Notice sur la Colline de Sansan, p. 34 (1851), 

 in part ; Gaudry, Les Enchainements, etc. p. 84 (1878) ; Schlosser, Morphol. 

 Jahrb. vol. xii. p. 68 (1886). 



Cervus dicroceros, Gervais, Zoo I. et Pal. Franfaises, 1st ed. p. 86 (1 848-52) ; 

 Filhol, Mamm. Foss. de Sansan, p. 268 (1891). 



Characters. — The remains of this species, which have often been con- 

 founded with Dremotherium furcatutn, occur in the Miocene strata of Sansan, 

 in the Department of Gers, France, and probably in the contemporaneous 

 deposits of other parts of the Continent. The antlers have the same 

 general form as those of D. furcatum, but the cheek-teeth resemble those 

 of Cervus, and in M. Filhol's figure no upper tusks are shown. 



VIII. The Water-Deer — Genus Hydrelaphus 1 



Hydropotes, Swinhoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1870, p. 90 ; Gray, Cat. Ruminants 

 Brit. Mus. p. 95 (1872) ; Brooke, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 522, 1878, 

 p. 916; Garrod, ibid. p. 789 ; Rutimeyer, Abh. schweiz. pal. Ges. vol. 



viii. p. 21 (1 88 1 ) ; Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, p. 636; nec Hydropota, 

 Rond, 1 86 1. 



Characters. — Lateral metacarpal bones as in Rangifer, that is to say, 

 represented only by their lower extremities. Antlers wanting. Muzzle 

 with a large naked portion surrounding the nostrils ; ears moderate, narrow, 

 and pointed ; tail very short ; face rather long. Pelage uniformly coloured 

 in the adult, spotted in the young. No metatarsal or tarsal glands and tufts. 

 In the skull, the gland-pit small but deep ; face-gland small. Lateral 

 hoofs of moderate size. Upper canines of male forming very long, curved, 

 and slightly convergent tusks, which grow from semi-persistent pulps, those 

 of the female smaller ; cheek-teeth tall-crowned. Size small. In very old 

 animals the pulp-cavity of the upper canines obliterates. 



1 New name. 



