Manchurian Roe 231 



and expanding as it joins the pure white tail-patch, the under-parts being 

 decidedly lighter than the back. 



Habits. — The following particulars of the habits of this species in 

 Siberia, partly furnished by Herr Dorries, have been published by Professor 

 Noack. 1 According to these notes, the replacement of the winter by the 

 summer pelage generally takes place about the latter part of April, although 

 dependent to a certain extent on the season ; and by the end of September 

 the winter dress is once more resumed. The pairing-season is somewhat 

 later than in the European species, not taking place till September ; and 

 during this period the bucks utter a louder and deeper toned cry than the 

 former. Indeed, as might have been expected from its superior size and 

 weight, the Siberian roe is an altogether more courageous animal than its 

 Western cousin, and will not hesitate to charge dogs. In summer it affects 

 copses and open meadows, where it can wallow in the marshes or swim in 

 the neighbouring lakes ; but as winter comes on it retires to the protected 

 mountain forests, and is fond of consorting with the herds of larger deer 

 which then seek the same asylum. When the snows of November fall, the 

 roes themselves commence to collect in herds, which may number from 

 300 to 500 head, and soon after migrate southwards into Manchuria, 

 whence they return about the end of March or beginning of April. On 

 the Ussuri, which they must cross, they are at this season slaughtered in 

 thousands by the hunters, without regard to age or sex. In the year 1882, 

 however, when snow only fell locally, no such migrations took place, and 

 the roes only collected in small parties, and not in large herds. 



3. The Manchurian Roe — Capreolus manchuricus 



Cervus pygargus mantschuricus, Noack, Humboldt, vol. viii. p. 9, fig. 12 

 (1889). 



Characters. — Considerably smaller than the last, and more like the 

 European species, but distinctly red in winter. Antlers more slender than 

 in the Siberian roe, although with the same general form ; and the winter 

 pelage shorter. According to Professor Noack, the coloration (? in winter) 

 is as follows : — Forehead whitish yellow, nose umber-brown, region 

 round the eye very light, cheek reddish yellow, neck yellowish red umber- 



1 Der Weidmann, 21st August 1891, p. 419. 



