1 3 2 Roes 



brown ; car more yellowish gray than in the European roe, but the colora- 

 tion of the lips very similar, with the exception that the dark spot on the 

 lower one is very small, and the white band on the upper one broader. 

 Specimens at Woburn Abbey were distinctly red in the middle of winter, 

 and thus quite unlike the European roe at the same season. The probable 

 distinctness of this form was first pointed out by Sir Victor Brooke, 

 although I have been unable to identify the skin in the British Museum to 

 which he refers (p. 229), and have had no opportunity of seeing the Paris 

 specimen, or specimens. A roe from Manchuria (from the same district 

 as the Pekin sika) living in the menagerie at Woburn Abbey in 1897 was 

 a much smaller animal than the Siberian species. Two pairs of antlers 

 in the British Museum from Manchuria recorded by Mr. Rowland Ward 

 respectively measure 13^ and iif inches in length ; the former being only 

 a little larger than fine specimens of the European roe. 



Distribution. — The mountains of Manchuria. According to Professor 

 Noack, these roe never come down into the plains, neither do they make 

 the southerly winter migrations undertaken by the preceding species in 

 Siberia ; and they never collect in large herds. 



4. The Pliocene Roe — Capreolus cusanus [Extinct) 



Cervus cusanus, Croizet and Jobert, Oss. Foss. Puy-a'e-Dome, Cervidce, plate 

 viii. (1828) ; Dawkins, Quart. Joum. Geo/. Soc. vol. xxxiv. p. 404 (1878). 



Cervus [Capreolus) cusanus, Deperet, Bull. Soc. geol. France, ser. 3, vol. 

 xii. p. 270 (1884). 



Cervus [Capreolus) neschersensis, Deperet, op. cit. p. 272 (1884). 



Capreolus cusanus, Lydekker, Cat. Foss. Ma mm. Brit. Mus. part ii. p. 75 

 (1885). 



Characters. — Apparently of the approximate size of the European roe, 

 but with the antlers more flattened (? partly the effect of crush), rugose 

 only at the base, with the main fork nearer the middle of the length, and 

 the two tines of the second fork less divergent. The length (apparently in 

 a straight line) of an antler figured by Professor Dawkins is 1 1.4 inches, 

 and its basal circumference 2.8 inches. The same writer considers that this 

 species is the direct ancestor of the European roe, and that it is itself the 

 descendant of a still earlier species (C matheroni) from the lower Pliocene 



