I>K. (\ W. ANDIiKWS n\ THE 



(lie Mastodons and the true Elephants found among the fossil Proboscidea of the 

 Siwalik Hills have heen described by several writers (see, for instance, ' Falconer's 

 Palffiontologica] Memoirs') and will therefore be omitted, as also will be many of the 

 species that seem to stand apart from the main line. In some of these latter certain 

 characters seem to have remained almost unchanged, while others have undergone 

 modification along the same lines as in the rest of the group. An example of this is 



Fig. 1 . — Skuil of Elephas maxmus, LlNN&US. Recent. India. 



seen in Mastodon americanus which survived till the Pleistocene; in this animal the 

 molar teeth have remained in a condition of simplicity that would not be out of place 

 in a Miocene species, while at the same time the symphysis of the mandible has 

 been shortened to almost the same extent as in the Elephants (figs. 4 and 5). 



The representatives of the stages of evolution to which attention is here directed 



