THE PRIMITIVE MAN OF NEBRASKA 



325 



shows a strong forward curvature and is triangular in cross section 

 with the depth much greater than its breadth. The knee is very 

 broad and fiat; the tibia is also triangular in section and much 

 deeper than broad. The character of the limb bones agree well 

 with the more primitive types. 



The writers have frequently seen examples equally ancient but 

 these are the first authentically located. 



In succeeding reports the peculiarities of individual bones will 

 be considered. 



Associated with the skeletons were certain flint implements or 

 chips of crude design. 



MEASUREMENTS 



The antero-posterior diameter of skull No. 6 is 181 mm., its 

 transverse diameter is 145 mm., while the maximum and mini- 

 mum frontal diameters are 93 and 114 mm. respectively. As 

 the right side is broken the circumference can only be estimated; 

 it is not far from 500 mm. and the height of the skull, approx- 

 imated for the same reason, measures about 125 mm. The 

 cephalic index calculated on the basis of these data is 79. After 

 the mass of fragmentary material has been completely assorted, 

 it is hoped that some further portions of the skull may be found 

 and then the measurements above will be more exactly deter- 

 minable. 



BRIEF GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION 



While this paper was in press the senior writer visited the mound 

 in company with Mr. Gilder and undertook critical investigation. 

 The mound is situated on the summit of a hill of loess 200 feet 

 above the Missouri river. 



A geological section from the Missouri valley to Gilder's mound 

 on the summit of Long's hill is as follows: dark carboniferous 

 shale, overlaid by fifteen or twenty feet of glacial clay, on which 

 rests 150 feet of homogeneous light buff loess. The three skulls 

 buried intrusively were in a mixture of black soil and buff subsoil. 

 The five primitive skulls and certain bones were fragmentary, 



