250 



avenue of Arenga saccharifera, (kabong or sugar palm Malayan), 

 Red Stem-Palm avenue [Cyrtostachys Lakka Malayan), avenue of 

 Rhopaloblaste hexandra Java, avenue of Sabal Palmetto West 

 Indies, and the rows of Archontoph(Fnix Alexandra Queensland 

 palm, Ptychospcrma McArthuri, Trop Australia, and Caryota 

 urens (East Indian Wine Palm). Of solitary specimens the clumps 

 of Sago Palm {Sagas Litis) , Chinese Palm [Rhapis flab clli for mis), 

 from Madagascar Raffia Ruffia , the local Nibong Oncosperma tigil- 

 laria, local Palas Licuala spinosa, and from Mexico Bactris major 

 are also conspicuous. Of single specimens, Areca pumila, Pinanga 

 Kuhliiy Actinorhytis calapparia, Dictyosperma album, Euterpe ole- 

 racea, Ptychoraphis angusta, Oreodoxa regia, Calyptrocalyx spicatus, 

 Stevensonia graudi folia Verschaffeltia splendida, Wallichia disticha, 

 Dypsis pinnatifrons, Corypha umbraculifera, Livistona aust raits, 

 Livistona chinensis, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Calamus Lindeni, 

 Calamus ciliaris, Calamus leptospadix, Plectocomia elongata, Elscis 

 guineensis, C ocos flexuosa, Cocos plumosa, Attalea cohune, Latania 

 Commersonii, Korthalsia Junghuhnii, Phornix rupicola, Phoenix 

 farinifera, Korthalsia polystachya, D:emotwrops calicarpjis and As- 

 trocarytim tucumoides are especially line. 



Cultivation. — Although far the greater number of palms are na- 

 tives of tropical regions a small number inhabit cooler, sub-tropical, 

 or almost temperate regions. Such are CJiamwrops humilis of 

 Southern Europe, Nannorhops Ritchieana of Afghanistan, Trachy- 

 carpus excelsus of Japan, Raphis humilis of Japan, Kentia sapida 

 of New Zealand, and Pseudophoenix Sargentii of Florida. 



These cooler climate palms are much less easy to cultivate here 

 and seldom thrive when planted out, although they may be kept as 

 pot or tub plants for a long time. 



There are a few desert palms which are also very difficult to 

 grow on account of our heavy rainfall, such are the Hpyhames, the 

 common date, [Phoenix Dactylifera), which, however, can be made 

 to grow but has never flowered with us. The Borassus, known as 

 the Palmyra palm and by natives the Lontar, introduced to India 

 from Africa and thence to the Peninsula, thrives near the sea in 

 sandy places, but seems difficult to grow far inland, and even in 

 the dryer parts of Singapore is not at all easy to grow satisfacto- 

 rily. The Nipa palm so abundant in our tidal swamps does not 

 grow well away from salt mud. 



Exclusive of these almost all the palms from different parts of 

 the world which have been introduced into Singapore have done 

 well and many have flowered and fruited successfully and are 

 readily cultivated. 



Seeds. — Generally speaking palms are reproduced from seeds, in 

 a few instances propagation by means of division or root cuttings is 

 the method adopted. The principal genera from which root cuttings 

 may be obtained are: — Pinanga, Cyrtostachys, Oncosperma, Iriar- 

 tea, Oenocarpus, Chamsedorea, Chrysalidocarpus, Wallichia, Arenga, 

 Caryota, Nipa, Licuala, Rhapis, Calamus, Zalacca, Korthalsia, 

 Raph/'a, Bactris, Desmoncus, Astrocaryum and Sagus. With these 



