j09 



an inch across irregular in outline with a raised edge. In some cases 

 the disease has run along the edge of a nerve which is thickened 

 and pale orange. The tissue on these spots is completely destroy- 

 ed so that the spots are equally clear on both sides. By the aid of 

 a lens minute black dots can be seen usually on the upper surface. 

 These are the fruiting apothecia of a leaf-fungus which has des- 

 troyed the inner tissues of the leaf. From them are being discharged 

 from a split at the top a large number of black spores, apparently 

 teleutospores are produced, they are fusiform or five septate, the 

 three central ones being dark the others transparent. 



The fungus appears to be one of the Urcdinesc and may prove 

 a serious pest. All infected leaves should be removed and burnt 

 and if necessary the plants attacked should be disinfected with 

 Bordeaux mixture. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



We have lately received the following books and papers of in- 

 terest to planters: — 



Ziekten in Klapperaan plantingen by Dr. J. C. KONNINGS- 

 BERGER. 



This is a short paper of 10 pages on pests in Coconut planting 

 published in Teysmannia. 



The chief pests in Java seem to be squirrels, flying squirrels, 

 fox-bats, the two well known Coconut beetles and the caterpillar 

 of Amathusia phidippus. There is a good plate of the beetles and 

 their grubs, and a figure of a caterpillar of Amathusia, which 

 however looks different from the one we know here. Grasshop- 

 pers, Acridium Melanocorne Sero, are also mentioned as destructive 

 insects. 



The Consular report on French Indo-China for 1903- 1904 states 

 that rubber plants grow in a wild state over wide areas and the 

 apparently suitable conditions for their growth combined with the 

 large and increasing demand for rubber seems to warrant the ex- 

 pectation of a rapid development in its production. The quantity 

 exported rose from 53 tons in 1899 to 34° tons in 1900, but fell to 

 266 tons in 190 1. The high prices offering have led to a somewhat 

 reckless draining of the sources of supply during the last few years 

 but regulations are now being enforced to prevent wasteful des- 

 truction of plants and to encourage re-planting. A factory with a 

 capacity of two to five tons a day for the treatment of "Ecorus de 

 Parameria" is in operation at Cholon (Cochin-China) and others 

 are projected. 



[The rubbers of this region chiefly consist of Willoughbeias, 

 Paramerias, z\.c.—Editor.~\ 



Experimental plantations of Tbonandra Gutta have been estab- 

 lished in live or six places but it is too early yet to predict what the 

 results will be. A native variety (Dichopsis Krantziand) , is widely 



