312 



Cho-cho, Sechun edule, was reintroduced by the Penang Garden in 

 1886, Water cress also in 1883, True Lima beans, 1884, and Arti- 

 chokes, Tomatos (various strains), Capsicums of various kinds, and 

 many other vegetables were introduced from India and Italy and 

 distributed from the Botanic Gardens. 



Bamboos. 



In 1886, Mr. CANTLEY noticed the absence of serviceable bam- 

 boos in Singapore and introduced among others Dendrocalamus 

 strict us, the male bamboo, D. giganteus, Bambusa vulgaris, var. 

 The few native bamboos here, Schizostachyum, two or three and 

 Bambusa Ridleyi are of little value. Dendrocalamus, flagellifer so 

 much cultivated for its edible shoots and Gigantochloa sp. the 

 shoots of which are also eaten, may have been introduced from Java 

 by the natives, but as both of these are serviceable bamboos, it is 

 probable that they were not in the country in 1886. Since that 

 time, there has been no lack of ornamental bamboos, and many 

 were sent to different parts of the Malay States, which are very 

 poor in useful bamboos. 



Timber Trees. 



A large number were introduced by the Botanic Gardens including 

 Teak, Mahogany (both kinds), Carapa Guianensis, Hymencea Cour- 

 baril } Eucalypti, many species, Brazil iron wood, Kauri pine (1879). 



Fruits. 



The following fruits were in cultivation before 1875 : — 



Bilimbings (1850) 



Banana 

 Durian 

 Rambutan 

 Mangosteen 

 Duku 



Pineapples • 

 Jambu bol 

 Champedak (1848) 

 Jack Fruit (1850) THOMSON 

 in Logan's Journal, IV. 

 Orange (1850) 

 Bachang „ 

 Eugenia aquea ,, 



Pulasan 



Rambei 



Namnam 



Pumelo 



Rukam 



Chiko 



Papaya 



Pomegranate 



Anona squamosa 

 A. muricata 

 A. reticulata 



Tamarind 



All the rest seem to have been introduced later and where not 

 otherwise stated were introduced by the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. 



The Durian is first recorded from Malacca by Garcia DA Orta 

 and LlNSCHOTEN, in 1583. Its place of origin is doubtful. I cer- 

 tainly do not think it is a native of the Peninsula as I have never 

 seen it wild anywhere. There are, however, a number of species of 

 the genus wild in the Peninsula and the adjacent islands. It is 

 mentioned as occurring in Sumatra in Chinese literature of the date 

 of 141 6, (Groenevelot verhandlinsen van het genootschep en We- 

 tenschappen XXXIX). 



